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Mughal soldiers pursued Hemu, captured him and brought him before Akbar.
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Hemu was on an elephant when he was struck by an arrow to his eye and his elephant driver took his injured master away from the battlefield. Initially Hemu’s army was in a better position, but a sudden change in tactics by Bairam Khan and another general Ali Quli Khan, managed to overpower the enemy army. Young Akbar was kept at a safe distance by his regent. Bairam Khan led the Mughal army from the back and placed skilled generals on the front, left and right flanks. Hemu’s army was much larger in size than of that of Akbar’s with 30,000 horsemen and 1500 war elephants and he had the support of native Hindu and Afghan rulers who considered the Mughals as outsiders. The Mughal forces moved to Panipat through Thaneshwar and faced Hemu’s army on November 5, 1556. On the direction of his regent Bairam Khan, Akbar declared his intentions to reclaim his rights to the throne at Delhi. Hemu ascended the throne on Octoand established Hindu rule in North India after 350 years of Muslim Imperialism. The Mughal Army faced a humiliating defeat and they soon receded with their leader, Commander Tardi Baig absconding. His Hindu general Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya or Hemu in short, led the Afghan army to capture Agra and Delhi soon after Humayun’s death in 1556. But the Afghan Sultan Mohammad Adil Shah of Chunar had designs on the throne of India and planned to wage war against the Mughals. Quest for Power: Second Battle of PanipatĪt the time of his ascent to the Mughal throne, Akbar’s empire encompassed Kabul, Kandahar, Delhi and parts of Punjab. Ruqaiya became his chief consort after he ascended the throne. Bairam Khan ruled on behalf of the young Emperor till he came of age.Īkbar married his cousin Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, daughter of his paternal uncle Hindal Mirza, in November 1551. Akbar succeeded Humayun on Februin Kalanaur (Punjab) and was proclaimed ‘Shahanshah’. Akbar was 13 years old at that time and Humayun’s trusted general Bairam Khan took up the post of Regent for the young Emperor. Humayun met his untimely demise soon after he reclaimed his throne after an accident. In 1555, Humayun recaptured Delhi with the military support of the Persian ruler Shah Tahmasp I. He would often ask to be read about art and religion. He never learned to read and write during his childhood, but that did not diminish his thirst for knowledge.
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Growing up he learnt how to hunt and fight using various weapons, shaping up to be the great warrior who would be the greatest emperor of India. As Humayun was in exile and had to move constantly, Akbar was brought up at the household of his paternal uncles, Kamran Mirza and Aksari Mirza. He and his wife Hamida Banu Begum, who was pregnant at that time, was granted refuge by the Hindu ruler Rana Prasad. His father Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal dynasty was in flight after his defeat in the battle of Kanauj (in May 1540) at the hands of Sher Shah Suri. Akbar, thus, laid the foundations for a multicultural empire during his reign.Īkbar was born as Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad at the Umerkot fort in Sind on October 15, 1542. Being fond of literature, he extended support to literature in several languages. He was one of the greatest emperors of the Mughal dynasty and extended his patronage to art and culture. With his religious policies, he won the support of his non-Muslim subjects as well. He established a centralised system of administration and adopted a policy of marriage alliance and diplomacy. He extended his power and influence over the entire country due to his military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. Succeeding his father Humayun at a critical stage, he slowly enlarged the extent of the Mughal Empire to include almost all of the Indian sub-continent. He was the son of Nasiruddin Humayun and succeeded him as the emperor in the year 1556, at the tender age of just 13.
Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, more famously known as Akbar the Great, was the third emperor of the Mughal Empire, after Babur and Humayun.